Interactive Demo - Laravel Learn

Query Scopes & Attribute Accessors

Learn how to create reusable query constraints and automatic attribute transformations.

🔍 Query Scopes - Reusable Filters

Without Scope (Repetitive)

Module::where('is_active', true)->get()

Result: 3 modules found

SQL: select * from `modules` where `is_active` = ?

With Scope (Clean & Reusable)

Module::active()->get()

Model Definition:

public function scopeActive($query) {
    return $query->where('is_active', true);
}

Benefit: Reusable, readable, chainable

💡 Scope Benefits:

• DRY Code: Define once, use everywhere
• Chainable: Combine multiple scopes: Model::active()->recent()->featured()
• Testable: Easy to test in isolation

🎨 Attribute Accessors - Transform on Read

Example Data

Raw Title: Service Container & Dependency Injection

Uppercase (accessor): SERVICE CONTAINER & DEPENDENCY INJECTION

Accessor Definition

protected function titleUppercase(): Attribute {
    return Attribute::make(
        get: fn () => strtoupper($this->title)
    );
}

Usage:

$module->title_uppercase

Common Use Cases:

• Format names (full_name)
• Calculate fields (age from birthday)
• Format currency
• Parse JSON to arrays

Examples:

• $user->full_name
• $user->age
• $product->formatted_price

Note:

Accessors don't modify the database, only the retrieved value!

✏️ Attribute Mutators - Transform on Write

Mutator Definition

protected function slug(): Attribute {
    return Attribute::make(
        set: fn ($value) => Str::slug($value)
    );
}

How It Works

Usage:

$module->slug = 'My Title'; // Stored as 'my-title'

Benefit: Automatic data sanitization and formatting

Common Use Cases:

• Hash passwords
• Generate slugs
• Sanitize input
• Format phone numbers

Examples:

• Auto-hash passwords
• Lowercase emails
• Strip whitespace
• Convert to proper format

Important:

Mutators transform data BEFORE saving to the database!

📝 Practical Example: User Model

class User extends Model
{
    // Accessor: Combine first and last name
    protected function fullName(): Attribute
    {
        return Attribute::make(
            get: fn () => "{$this->first_name} {$this->last_name}"
        );
    }
    
    // Mutator: Always hash passwords
    protected function password(): Attribute
    {
        return Attribute::make(
            set: fn ($value) => bcrypt($value)
        );
    }
    
    // Both: Normalize email
    protected function email(): Attribute
    {
        return Attribute::make(
            get: fn ($value) => strtolower($value),
            set: fn ($value) => strtolower(trim($value))
        );
    }
    
    // Query Scope: Only active users
    public function scopeActive($query)
    {
        return $query->where('is_active', true);
    }
    
    // Query Scope: Recently registered
    public function scopeRecent($query)
    {
        return $query->where('created_at', '>=', now()->subDays(30));
    }
}

// Usage:
$user = User::active()->recent()->first();
echo $user->full_name;  // "John Doe" (accessor)

$user->password = 'secret123';  // Automatically hashed (mutator)
$user->email = '  TEST@EXAMPLE.COM  ';  // Stored as "test@example.com" (mutator)